Karankawa Indians Long before the first white settlers arrived in Texas, Karankawa Indians roamed the coast, traveling inland at least as far as what would become Bee County, making their home at intervals over the territory. The Karankawas have been referred to as the only tribe that resided much of the time in this area, although other tribes made frequent visits. They formed one of the least ferocious of the four tribes making history here, the other three being the Lipans, Tonkawas and the Comanches. The Comanches, a vicious tribe, visited the Bee County area only on fierce marauding raids. The meaning of the name, “Karankawas”, is not clear. Some say that it means “carrion crows” or buzzards. Another authority says that the name means “dog lovers”. The latter seems more likely since this tribe was unusually fond of dogs. The Karankawa men stood six feet and more, some reaching the seven foot status. The women were a bit shorter. Their appearance was not flattering, however. Although, while on the coast, they kept themselves clean by diving and swimming in salt water, they carried very repugnant odors due to putting alligator grease over their bodies to ward off mosquitoes. Wearing only breech cloths, and without moccasins, they moved through thorns and briars without harm. They were said to wear tattoos, and were generally painted in fierce, warlike patterns. Their movements have been described as “sluggish” and their faces ugly. A non-agricultural group, the Karankawas earlier roamed from Louisiana to the Rio Grande River, almost as far north as San Antonio and occasionally into the northern states of Mexico. Later, a decimation of their race limited their travel range from Galveston through the section of the Gulf Coast, occasionally through San Antonio to the Rio Grande, and into Mexico only when pursued. The Karankawas were primarily fishermen who lived on the islands on the coast, near present-day Corpus Christi. They had canoes which they handled expertly. They were able to move their water craft so well as to avoid even the vicious, hated Comanches. They left the gulf fishing area during the winter to hunt for other game, such as buffalo. Traces of their names can still be found on county streams, such as Papalote, Talpacote and Aransas. They are believed to have been cannibalistic, but only in the observance of religious rites. Unlike some of the other tribes, they are not believed to have eaten people merely “for the fun of it” nor because they liked the taste of human flesh. Their “mounds” of ash and arrow heads have been found, evidence of their camping places. Not elevated portions of ground, as some suppose, their “mounds” are found in the form of fire burnt or ash deposited soil, containing arrow heads, pot shards, whistles (stone) and fist axes. The Lipan-Apaches also hunted in this area. At the end of the 18th century, Comanche warriors made raids, taking scalps as they went. They fought the Karankawas at every opportunity. At times, the latter tribe gave the Comanches a run for their money, putting up stiff and devastating resistance. The Comanches, however, were far more warlike and generally more successful in inter-tribal battle. There were a number of recorded battles between the Karankawas and white frontiersman, posses and even the army. Progressively, the red men got the worst of the conflicts, and their numbers lessened until only a handful remained. (BCFH_T01a - Karankawa Indians)

Land Grants The Spanish explorer, Cabeza de Vaca, was the first white man to cross this area of Texas. He was part of an expedition led by Panfllo de Navarez, who left Spain with instructions to land in Florida and explore the country. This group later sailed from Florida for Mexico, but their vessels were wrecked or lost along the Texas Coast. Cabeza de Vaca’s small vessel was wrecked on Galveston Island in November 1528. He became a trader and traveled in 1584 from Galveston in a southwesterly direction, through the Coastal Bend, crossed what is now Bee County, then turned northwest into El Paso and New Mexico, in search of gold and silver. They encountered buffalo, which Cabeza de Vaca described as “cows”. The French explorer, La Salle, landed at Matagorda Bay in 1685. He had intended to establish a colony at the mouth of the Mississippi River. However, a Gulf of Mexico storm drove him to the Texas coast where he established a colony, Fort Saint Louis, several miles inland. La Salle was killed in 1687 and disease and Indians killed the rest of the colonists. The Indians also destroyed the fort. In 1685, other Spanish explorers came to the area and reported the possibilities for farming and ranching between the Blanco and Papalote Creeks. Carlos Martinez, one of Spanish King Phillip’s warriors, was given a Spanish land grant that extended into the northern part of our county. (His entire family was killed when Mexico revolted against Spain in 1821). Another Spaniard, Don Martin de Leon arrived in 1805 and established a large ranch between the Aransas and Nueces Rivers. In 1821, when Mexico became free from Spain, the new government in Mexico took away all Spanish land grants thus dispossessing Don de Leon from his ranch. A movement was led by Augustin de Iturbide against Spanish rule, and in 1821 Mexico broke away from Spain. Texas became part of a new Empire of Mexico, with Iturbide as the monarch. Soon, however, a new rebellion broke out ousting Iturbide, who was allowed to go to Europe provided he never return to Mexico. A year later he tried to come back and fight for his throne, but was arrested and shot. During Iturbide’s ten-month reign, several attempts were made to colonize the coastal regions of Texas, without results. After the province of Texas was joined with Coahuila in 1824 forming the provisional state of Coahuila and Texas, its congress passed a colonization law on March 24, 1825, designed to bring people to the region who “would promote the cultivation of its fertile lands, the raising and multiplication of stock, and the progress of the arts and commerce. The colonization law gave “empresarios” (land agents) certain areas in which to locate colonists. The agents did not own the land, but for every one hundred families they brought to settle in Texas, they would earn five leagues (22,540 acres) and five labors (885 acres) of land. The law also stipulated that empresarios must have approval of State and Federal Government for colonization if any territory lying within twenty border leagues of the boundary of any foreign nation (about fifty miles) or within ten leagues (twenty-five miles) of the coast. Four men were given the title of empresario — John McMullen and James McGloin, who established the San Patricia colony; and James Power and James Hewetson who established the Refugio colony. The four land agents were natives of Ireland, but Power and Hewetson became naturalized citizens of Mexico. Under the original colonization law passed by the Mexican government, all settlers had to be natives of Ireland and members of the Roman Catholic Church. (This was prompted by reports from the United States that the many Irish immigrants in New York and other eastern states were industrious, honest and law-abiding citizens, and it was felt that people of this nationality would become outstanding citizens of Mexico.) However, James Power persuaded the officials to amend the law and permit natives of the United States, France, England and Germany to settle in Texas. In a history of Bee County written by Grace Bauer for the 1958 Centennial celebration, she named three families from the United States who took advantage of this special permission: Robert Carlisle, Isaac Robinson and James Douglas. (BCFH_T01b - Land Grants)

Medio Creek

Rising in Karnes County, emptying into the Mission River, the Media Creek was so named by the Spaniards about 1800 because of its midway position between the San Antonio and Nueces Rivers. It was crossed by explorers, padres, soldiers and settlers who traveled on early ox-cart roads that led from Mexico to Mission La Bahia at Goliad. The Cart War of 1857, between Texas and Mexican teamsters on the freight route between San Antonio and Gulf ports, originated along San Patricia Road, southernmost of the three roads. Mexican cart drivers used mesquite beams as feed for their teams, starting the mesquite brush which thrives along the creek.

Settlers were attracted here by the tall grass along the creek bottom and many veterans of the Texas Revolution were given bounty lands in the area. The first post office in Bee County was established in 1857 at Media Hill, a pioneer downcreek settlement. In 1909, the town of Candlish was founded within 50 feet of the original Media Hill location, with a hotel, general store and school. The store dosed and Candlish became a ghost town. Fossil beds on the Media and Blanco creeks, in 1938-39, yielded 1,000,000-year old fossils of a new mastodon species (named Buckner’s Mastodon), rhinoceros, elephants, alligators, camels and three-toed horses.
(BCFH_T01c - Medio Creek)

Irish Immigrants

Many have wondered why the early Irish immigrants left Ireland, Patrick Burke, Jr., in his autobiography, referred to the “hardy and noble pioneers” who came from “oppressed Ireland.” The August 1958 issue of American Heritage quoted portions of a new book “The Coming of the Green”, by Leonard Patrick O’Connor Wibberley, which told of the severe conditions of oppression in Ireland:

At the beginning of the 19th century, Ireland had been united with England by an Act of Union, which dissolved the Irish Parliament and deprived the Irish of what little self-government they had enjoyed. Rebellions failed to shake off England’s control. The land was owned by foreign landlords whose system was to rent small acreages to the landless so that the landlord was certain of his rents, while the tenant could be utterly destroyed by one crop failure. If the tenant did well, the landlord raised the rent. If the tenant objected, he was evicted, as he had few rights under the law and could get no one to represent him in those he did possess.

With 20 or 30 tenants forced to share a farm that previously had supported one farmer with his family, the plots were so small that they could not live on the produce from them. The Irish tenant farmer would plant potatoes in the early spring (it was a crop that looked after itself), then turn his wife and children out on the road to beg. He himself would go to England to search for work, as there was none for him in Ireland. If work was not found, he too would become a beggar. In autumn he returned to his plot, harvested the potatoes, and used those and whatever money the family had managed to gather in the summer months to try to get through the desolation of winter until the cycle could begin again. Homes in Ireland were made of boards and turf. If he managed to get a little pig to fatten on potato peelings, or a hen or two, the animals would share the turf house with him and his family, as there was nowhere else to put livestock.

Many kinsmen had gone to America in earlier times, some as indentured servants, bound to another man for a number of years, after which they would be free in the new land to make their own fortune. A letter from America would excite a whole Irish village. Someone would have to be found who could read the letter because Irish Catholics had been forbidden schooling for nearly a hundred years.

The letter writer would declare that schools in America were free for everyone, and they could see he was learning to write. Also, he wrote “we eat everyday like we would in Ireland at Christmas”, and that anyone might speak what was on his mind, without fear. If a man would work, he would never need go hungry. In almost every case, the letter expressed the hope that family members would come to America some day. A little money might be enclosed toward the fare of a brother, a father or a mother. The letters, combined with the increasingly miserable conditions in Ireland, moved hundreds, then thousands of Irishmen and their families to emigrate to the new land.

The Hefferman and Burke families, earliest settlers in what is now Bee County, came from Tipperary County in the southern part of Ireland. That county is bounded on the west by Limerick and Cork Counties, and on the east by Kilkenny County. Tipperary County is near the Atlantic ocean, being separated at one point by only about 10 miles across Waterford County, which bounds Tipperary County on the south.
(BCFH_T01d - Irish Immigrants)

The First Settlers [BCFH-T1]

Eager to colonize the area, McGloin and McMullen went to New York City in the summer of 1829 and conferred with many Irish immigrants who had recently arrived. Two ships, the Aibion and the New Packet, were

loaded and set sail for Texas. The Albion, according to the captain, Thomas Duehart, mistakenly landed at Matagorda instead of the Port of Copano. The New Packet brought his passengers to the Port of Aransas (now known as Copano).

Research by the Rt. Rev. Msgr. William H. Oberste (for his book “Texas Irish Empresarios and Their Colonies”) reveals that the following families arrived on the brig New Packet with John McMullen, for the purpose of becoming colonists on the Nueces River; D. Henry Doyle, priest; James Browne, single; John Carzol(?) and wife; John Hefferman, wife and four children; Patrick Hayes, single; Jeremiah Toole, wife and four children; John Gonly (Conley), single; James Quinn, wife and three children; Thomas MacMiley, single; Margaret Quinn, single; James Brune (Brown), single; Patrick Kavlagun(?), wife and three children; Bernard Candey (Candy), single; and Thomas Gierren (Geran?) and wife.

The report shows that the following families arrived on the Albion: James Magloin (McGloin), Empresario, his wife and six children and one servant girl; Thomas Henry, wife and four children; Patrick McGloin, wife and child; Patrick McGloin and wife; John Lamb and wife; James Keveny and wife; Felix Hart, wife and three children; the widow Hart, one son and one daughter; Pedro de Oro, wife and two children; William Ryan, wife and child; William Wallace, wife and five children: John Scott, wife and six children; Patrick Brennan, wife and son; James O’Connor, wife and three children; William Quinn, wife and two children; Peter McCan, wife and sons; Patrick Neven and wife; and Dionysio McGowan, wife and five children; and the following single persons: Doctor Cullen, Marcos Kelly, John McGloin, John Faddin, Joseph Coleman, William Quinn and Martin McGloin. (The report was signed by Marian Cosio, Matagorda, October 31, 1829).

Father Oberste said another list of persons aboard the Albion was evidently one presented to the Vice-Consul of Mexico at New York by James McGloin on making arrangements to transport the colonists to Texas. This list showed some discrepancies and also some additional names. The list as follows: Edward McGloin and family, Thomas Hennesy and family, John Lamb and family, William Quinn and family, Phelia Hart and family, John Scott and family, James Keveny and family, Dionysio McGowan and daughter, Patrick McGloin and family, William Ryan and family, James O’Connor and family, John (Charles) Gillan and family, Patrick Brennan and family, Patrick Boyle and family, William Wallace and family, Mark Kely (single) and Patrick Golden and family. (This list was signed by V. Obregon, New York, September 2, 1829). The schooner Albion made two other trips to New York City to bring additional colonists to San Patricia — on December 31,1829 and in March 1830.

Under their contract with the Mexican government, the new citizens of Texas were required to bring enough supplies, including arms and ammunition, to last them two years. They had to make a paste of cactus roots for axle grease to lubricate the axles of the rickety and screeching old carts furnished by the government. Upon landing at company, the colonists’ bedding, clothing, foodstuffs, cooking utensils, arms, ammunition, axes, spades and farming equipment were stacked in individual piles on land high enough above the water’s (page 3) edge to protect the property from the tides. Many of San Patricio colonist camped at the ruins of the Mission near Refugio until they could proceed to San Patricio to lay claim to their respective land grants issued by the Mexican government.

Each colonist received from the Mexican government 10 milk cows, one cart and a yoke of oxen. A garrison of soldiers were sent to protect the settlers from hostile Indians. However, the untrained soldiers were so lazy, and also cowardly when it came to resisting Indian raids, that they proved to be more of a nuisance than a benefit.

The first people to settle in the area that became Bee County were Jeremiah O'Toole, James Brown, Patrick Hayes, Patrick O’Boyle, James O’Connor, Felix Hart, William Quinn, the Widow Hart, and their families. They settled near Papalote and Aransas creeks.

Another schooner, the Messenger, brought Mrs. Ann Burke and other colonists. The voyage took three months to cross the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. They landed at Copano Bay on May 16, 1834. During the voyage, cholera broke out. Mrs. Burke, Mrs. Mary Carroll and Patrick Carroll lost their mates during the epidemic and the bodies were buried at sea. (In later years Mrs. Burke married Patrick Carroll, and this couple and their son, Patrick Burke, Jr., donated 150 acres of land for the townsite of Beeville (on the Poesta). This group joined the families of James Hefferman and Simon Dwyer, traveling by ox carts to choose their lands at San Patricio. They selected their lands along the Poesta (meaning moss creek).

The first homes erected by the settlers were simple affairs. They were made of straight poles standing side by side, the cracks filled with grass or moss. The dirt floor was covered with white sand from the creek beds, and the roof was made of split boards cut from big trees. Chimneys were built of sticks and moss, plastered inside to make them fireproof and outside to protect them from the weather. Plaster was made of clay, with moss which had been boiled to make it black and durable for the filling or foundation.

Later homes were log cabins, the logs hewed so they would fit at the corners of the room or house. Then the men learned to make floors of boards split straight with the grain of the wood, using a sharp ax and dressing the top side down until the floor was smooth. The door was a half-door, although sometimes it was built to the top of the structure. A corn crib and smokehouse was added and a rail fence was built around the site. If a home was away from a running stream, a well was dug, a square box built around it to keep people from falling in. A pulley with two oaken buckets hung in the well. If the home was near a running stream, water was obtained from the stream. Sometimes during dry spells, the stream stopped flowing. A shallow hole was dug where rocks were found in the creek bed and cool spring water obtained.

When conditions became better, with the enemy driven back, people began to build houses with rock duc from the ground on the rocky hills. These rocks were moist, and easy to cut when taken from the earth. They were sawed into squares and left in the sun to dry and harden before being built into a house. The first houses made of lumber were erected about 1845. The material was brought here by ox teams from St. Mary’s, a town on Copano Bay.

The Hefferman Families

Two of the families arriving to colonize this area were the Hefferman families (the name was originally spelled “Heffernan”). In late 1834 or early 1835, these families settled at San Patricia and near Refugio, as well as in the territory now known as Bee County.

The James Hefferman family settled on 4,605 acres of land located on the east bank of the Poesta Creek on the side where the city of Beeville was later built. His brother, John, and family located his headright at San Patricia. The families lived a more or less precarious existence for the next five or six years, in constant dread of Indians and Mexicans. Of necessity, they practiced the “live at home” concept, growing everything with the exception possibly of sugar and coffee. These supplies, together with such luxuries as furniture and the like, were brought from the boat landing at old St. Mary’s by ox teams. In 1836 the settlers became involved in the war with Mexico, and their troubles increased. Mary Hefferman, daughter of John Hefferman who located at San Patricia, gave an account of a massacre by the Indians and Mexicans on the ground where Beeville now stands. This is the story told in her own words:

“My uncle, James Hefferman, still lived on the Poesta when the war broke out. My father’s family lived at San Patricia. My father and a cousin, John Ryan, went to James Hefferman to assist him in laying his crop, so they all could join General Fannin’s command at Goliad. The day before they finished plowing, they were attacked by Mexicans and Indians in the field while at work, and all were killed (including John Hefferman and John Ryan). The Indians then went to the house and killed the family of James Hefferman, which consisted of his wife and five children.

“The first intimation of the sad fate that had befallen these early settlers was received by relatives and friends at San Patricia when they found at their cowpen one morning the cows of James Hefferman, which he had taken from there to his home on the Poesta. This aroused the suspicion of the family, who at once sent their boys to find out what the trouble was. On coming to the site of the settlement and seeing no one, they returned to San Patricia and reported no one at home. Then a party of men went to investigate. They found the men dead in the field. They had been dead several days. The body of the eldest son of James Hefferman was lying between the field and the house, while the bodies of Mrs. Hefferman and the four younger children were found at the house. The remains were collected and placed in one large box and were buried near the scene of the murder, although the exact spot cannot be located. The calves of the cows which returned to San Patricia were dead in the pens, the only living thing on the place being a little dog.

“The field where the men were killed was located on the spot now occupied by the courthouse, while the house and pens were west of that location, about where the old Whitehead home formerly stood. The site is now occupied by the Mexican school.”

Mary Hefferman became heir to the land grant of her uncle, as well as the headright of her father at San Patricia. Hefferman Street in Beeville was named in memory of this family. Mrs. John Hefferman and her family continued to live in San Patricia until after the Battle of San Jacinto, when Gen. Sam Houston ordered all settlers on the frontier of Mexico to

either go east or into Mexico. Mrs. Hefferman, with the rest of her family, went east, locating at Brazoria, where her daughter, Mary, married Hiram Riggs in 1838. They were the parents of nine children, same of whose descendants still live here. Later they moved to Goliad, where Mr. Riggs engaged in the mercantile business until his death in 1855. Mary Hefferman Riggs died there in 1903 at the age of 82 years. Burial was in the old Bayview Cemetery in Corpus Christi.

Ann Burke Carroll

Ann Burke left County Tipperary, Ireland, with her husband, Pat(?) Burke, in 1834 to settle in a new land, a remote northern province of Mexico called Texas. She was with child for the first time, but having her husband with her gave some measure of security. She thought she would arrive in plenty of time to make ready for the birth even though now it kicked and squirmed within her, seeming as eager for its arrival into its new world as she was into hers.

The three-masted schooner plowed its way over the Atlantic creaking and swaying as it sailed a relatively straight course, despite the changing winds. This new world they were now approaching was discovered by Columbus 342 years ago, but for the Irish this did not seem long. Many of the ruins of the abbeys and the round towers in Ireland, the latter to preserve the sacred vessels and the women and children from the Danes, antedated the New World by centuries.

Ann’s husband was of Norman descent. After William the Conqueror conquered England in 1066, the Normans invaded Ireland the following century (1169). The Normans were gradually absorbed by the more advanced, ancient Irish culture. The name Burke is derived from the Norman name De Burgo, an important name in the annals of Ireland. So much so did they become a part of the Irish heritage that the name Burke has been considered an Irish name for eight centuries.

These Tipperary colonists were leaving the Old World behind. A certain thrill came from being on the water; the salt air was relaxing; and the view of the horizon in all directions was novel. Their spirit of adventure was satisfied as they sailed to an unknown land. However, there was another side to the coin. Willing as they were to put up with the inconveniences of the voyage, sometimes it was almost mare than they could bear; the crowded ship, sleeping in the stifling hold of the schooner, no sanitary facilities, meager meals cooked an the ship, the scarcity of freshwater, and sickness among the passengers, many of whom suffered from malnutrition which made them susceptible to disease. Tuberculosis was rampant in Ireland on account of the famine and the cool, humid climate. No doubt there were many with it an the ship.

All Ann could cling to was the hope of a free life; this vision she must hold before her to bear the three-month voyage. She kept repeating to herself, “to be free we must endure; to own land we must work to take it, and trust in Saint Patrick to make the promises of land a reality.” Resigned to live from day to day, she quoted to herself what her grandmother used to say, “One never knows what the morrow will bring. So be prepared.”

It is not known just when, but sometime after their departure, Ann had another test of her faith. Her husband sickened and died; but

not without the last sacrament, for Father T.J. Molloy was aboard the vessel bringing his Fadden nieces and nephews from County Mayo. Prayers were said as the body of her husband, well wound in a burial sheet, lay on a plank on the deck. Some of the crew lifted the plank to the side of the schooner, tilted it on the edge; the body slipped off. A splash was heard and the ocean became his grave. Ann Burke was alone except far the child within her. But she was not the only one who endured a similar loss. Mary Carroll’s husband met the same fate. And Patrick O’Carroll watched his wife being consigned to the sea. No matter how much each resented his loss, they had to console one another. This was the bond they shared.

After the schooner sighted land, it headed for New Orleans, where overseas boats on their way to Texas landed. In a few days they were on the water again, and it was not many more until they sighted the coast of Texas. The ship was too large to dock at El Copano so that lighters were sent out to bring the colonists and their belongings to shore. They pitched camp about a mile from the beach; from their woolen blankets and sheets they made tents to protect themselves from the intense rays of the sun to which they were not accustomed.

An hour after their arrival in the camp, Ann Burke felt a stabbing pain. She knew that her hour had come. Quickly, a makeshift tent of sheets and patchwork quilts was thrown up. Besides shielding her from the sun, she could now endure her labor pains without embarrassment. It was not long until she had pushed a baby into a foreign world, a boy whom she had already named Patrick whether the name was chosen because of her devotion to the patron saint of Ireland or for her husband whose name is unknown has always been a matter of conjecture to his descendants. Little Patrick was a robust bay, who cried lustily. Ann thanked God and St. Patrick that both she and her child had survived the ordeal and were well. God had seen her through this. But all was not over.

The little one showed signs of hunger. Ann’s breasts were swollen, and she could not nurse him. Little Pat screamed as if he were being tortured. An Indian squaw, recognizing his hunger-cries, approached the tent. She had just had a baby and had enough milk for two. In sign language she offered to be his wet nurse. Ann had no choice; she was grateful. Once Pat found the squaw’s nipple, his crying ceased and he sucked greedily. He soon fell asleep. There is no certainty to which tribe the squaw belonged, for she came alone each day that she brought him to see Ann. It is very likely that she belonged to the Copano tribe. After a few days it seemed that the squaw’s compassion was turning into affection for the little tyke. There was no gentle handling of the babe. She slung him around as if he were “a bundle of dry goods.” In fact she treated him as one of her own. Ann wondered each whether she would bring him back. But her fears were groundless, for she came only until Ann was able to take care of him herself, and the colonists were ready to move on to San Patricia. The Tipperary colonists were a welcome sight to those of San Patricia. They were hungry for news from Ireland. It made them feel that they were not so far away from their homeland, for homesickness plagued the colonists, especially the women.

Ann, as the widow of a grantee to be, was eligible for the land that was to have been granted to her husband. So was the widow Mary Carroll. Their lands were yet to be chosen, surveyed and issued. So they built their picket cabins in San Patricia. Two years passed in relative tranquility except for the rumors of war that began in the fall of 1835 and became a reality at Gonzales on October 2. After the attack of General Urrea on San Patricia on February 27, 1836, Ann gathered up her two-year-old Pat and her belongings, and both she and the Carrolls went to New Orleans. It was there that she married Patrick O’Carroll. After the Battle of San Jacinto they thought it safe to come home. But how mistaken they were! The colony town was in ruins, and the few colonists that remained were getting ready to leave. So Ann and the Carrolls fled to safe~-ground, perhaps to Victoria. However, after the annexation they returned, rebuilt their cabins, planted their gardens, and looked in vain for their cattle which had been driven off by the Mexican Army. Indian raids were frequent, especially by the Comanches.

During the late forties Patrick was a good sized boy. He must have been a favorite of the men in San Patricia because there are incidents recorded where he accompanied settlers on hunting trips where Indian fights occurred. But Patrick could not bring himself to kill an Indian because he feared that he might be killing one of the tribe to which the Indian squaw belonged who saved his life. This attitude carried over into his adult years. Major Wood took him under his wing while they both lived in San Patricia. Martin O'Toole had him go an hunting trips with him and so did Bill Clark. In his “Reminiscences,” Pat Burke tells of his step-father “taking him to Lang Lake to get drinking water. They had taken their jug, but on their way they could smell horse meat roasting. This was a signal that Indians were near. So they dropped their jug and made for San Patricio. The next day the colonists found their best horses missing. Burke says in his “Reminiscences,” in order to prevent the Indiana from stealing their horses, the settlers usually made a thick high fence of brush held together between posts enclosing a sizable area around the back door. The horses, cows and oxen were kept inside this enclosure. The only entrance was through the front door.”

After the annexation Fort Merrill was established by the U.S. Government an the McMullen League in present Live Oak County to protect the settlers from the Indians. During this period it fell to Pat Burke to support his family, his mother, his blind stepfather, and five half brothers and sisters. With the establishment of Fort Merrill Patrick obtained a job. He says in his “Reminiscences,’~ ‘And though only a boy, I drove a wagon drawn by oxen carrying provisions from Corpus Christi to Fort Merrill for the troops. I made $30 a month, and that was considered good wages for a boy in those times. When I commenced on the job, I was scarcely large enough to put a yoke on the oxen. I wore hickory shirts and red shoes. It usually took me eight days to make the round trip. Sometimes an axle would break, and then I was two weeks making the round trip. There were only two blacksmiths accessible, one being in each end of the route. I made these trips alone, sleeping at night by the side of my wagon. Finally, John Ross of San Patricia bought me a good wagon at a Government sale for $30. I worked it out.”

Pat Burke kept this job for three years. Sometime in the early fifties Ann Burke and her son Patrick, her husband Pat O’Carroll, and their five children went to present Bee County to live, for this was where their land grants lay. Bee County was formed from parts of Goliad, Refugio, San Patricio, and Karnes Counties. In 1858 it was officially declared a county. Bee County and the county seat, Beeville, were named far Brigadier General Bar. nard E. Bee. He served for the Republic of Texas as secretary of the treasury, secretary of war, and as the Republic’s minister to Mexico. The first county seat was Beeville on the Media (Creek), and the 150 acres was donated by Edward Seligson. A picket courthouse was built with thatched roof and dirt floor. There was soon dissatisfaction with the location. The offer of Ann Burke Carroll and her son, Patrick, of 150 acres for a townsite on the Paiste Creek was accepted. This was from the Ann Burke League which she was granted by McMullen and McGloin in 1835. The town was now known as Beeville on the Paiste. At first the townsite was named Maryville for Mary Hefferman, the daughter of John Hefferman, and his entire family, and a cousin, John Ryan. It was she who first related the tragic story. But the name Maryville was discarded in favor of Beeville because there was another town in Texas by that name.

After more than a hundred years a marker has been erected by the state which recognizes the generous donation Ann Burke made to the place where she was to live and die. The marker stands on the courthouse square in recognition of a generous and civic-minded woman. (From ‘The Forgotten Colony, San Patricia de Hibernia”, by Rachel Bluntzer Hebert, with permission by the author.)

Third Seal, For the Biennial Term of (L.S.), 1832 and 1833, 1834 and 1835
Flores
(Rubric)
Honorable Commissioner:

I, Anna Burk, native of Ireland, with status of a widow, appear before you in due form, saying: That having emigrated from my native land with my husband and family to this country, at my own expense, with the object of establishing myself in it permanently, I have chosen for the purpose this Colony of San Patricia of which Citizen John McMullen is Empresario, and in it I have chosen the league and labor which the Law of Colonization of this State concedes to the new settlers of my class on the east margin on the headwaters of Aransas; I promise to settle, cultivate, and pay for said tract as said law prescribes. Therefore, I beg you, please, as Commissioner for the purpose, to give me the corresponding possession of the designated tract; and therein I shall receive grace and favor. San Patricia, June 23rd of 183(5) [torn].

Widow, Anne Burke
San Patricia, June 23rd of 1835.

Empresario John McMullen shall report whether the applicant is one of the colonists whom he has contracted, whether she is a widow, a Christian, and of good habits, whether she has come at her own expense with her husband and family, and whether the tract she has denounced is entirely vacant.

J. Maria Balmadeda
(Rubric)
Honorable Commissioner:

In consideration of your preceding decree I must say that the individual making this petition is one of the Colonists whom I have contracted for this enterprise to which she came at her expense with her husband; she is a Christian, of good habits, and the tract she claims is entirely vacant. San Patricio, June 23rd of 1835.

Juan McMullen
(Rubric)
San Patricio, June 25th of 1835.

Present this petition to the surveyor whom I have appointed, Citizen William O’Docharty, so that in consideration thereof he may proceed to make the survey of the tract which it designates, in accordance with the law, with citation of the adjacent landowners, and having concluded, return the entire file of documents to me with the respective plat and notes in order to issue the corresponding title.

J. Maria Balmaceda
(Rubric)

First Seal, One Cuartilla
Established by the State of Coahuila and Texas for the Year of 1835

Navarro (Rubric), Flares (Rubric)

In the town of San Patricio of the Nueces, Enterprise of Colonization of Citizen John McMullen, on the 25th day of the month of June of 1835,1, Citizen Jose Marie Balmaceda, Commissioner, by Superior Decree of the Supreme Government of this State, dated the 2nd of March of 1833, for the distribution of lands in this Colony, having examined the survey made by Citizen William O’Docharty, Surveyor appointed for the purpose by me, and in view of his original notes and topographical plat which he has delivered to me and which exist on pages 4 and 5 of this file of documents, ordered the issuance of the respective title of the league of pasture land, including in addition one labor of arable land which corresponds to the Colonist, widow, Anna Burke, according to Article 6 of the Law of Colonization of the State of the 24th of March of 1825, in the terms which are expressed in continuation hereof. The first survey began at a stake which serves as the corner of the possession of James Hefferman on the east margin of one of the creeks which from the headwaters of Aransas called El Pastle; from said stake continuing upward on the margin of the same creek 6 different courses were run along the various meanders formed by its currents to where a stake was fixed from which course north 50 degrees east were surveyed through vacant lands 9769 varas to where another stake was placed from which course south 37 degrees east were surveyed in a straight line 3733 varas to where another stake was fixed from which course south 53 degrees west were surveyed 5909 varas opposite and possession of James Hefferman until arriving at the place where the first survey began, a tract which comprises a superficies of 26,000,000 square varas; I classify it as pasture land with no more than one labor suitable for planting in season; and this served as a basis for the amount the aforesaid Colonist shall pay the State for all of it; at the rate of 30 pesos for the league of pasture land and 20 reales, which is the full value of the 25 labors of pasture land and one more arable land at the prices which have been stated; it is understood that said cost is to be paid on the terms and under the penalties designed by the same article of said law and that within the the effect, Citizen James Hefferman, who is the adjacent landowner and who, on the execution of the survey, did not offer the least opposition.

Therefore, by the use of the powers I have, and in the name of the Sovereign, free, and independent State of Coahuila and Texas, I confer upon, put, and place the aforesaid Anna Burk in real, actual, corporal, and virtual possession of one league of pasture land, increased by one more labor of arable land. She may freely enjoy and possess said tract with all its corresponding uses, customs, and appurtenances, now and forever, for her, her children, heirs, and successors, or whoever from her or from them shall have cause or right; and in due evidence thereof, I issue the present title of possession, of which a certified copy shall be given to the interested party together with the entire file of documents on which it is based, for the purposes that are most suitable to her; and I signed it with two attendant witnesses in the aforesaid Town of San Patricio on the date cited at the beginning.

J. Maria Balmaceda
(Rubric)
Attendant Witness
Santiago McGloin (Rubric)
Attendant Witness
Rafl. Gomes (Rubric)

On the 15th day of 1835 a copy was given to the interested party. (Rubric)

League No. 4 surveyed for the Widow, Ana Burk, situated on the east Margin of the most eastern creek on the main headwaters of the Aransas, beginning at a black oak stake, thence bound as follows:

Courses and Varas: N 35 W, 400; N 75 W, 366; S 70 W, 300; S 85 W, 633; S 55 W, 266; N 77 W, 266; 5 87 W, 200; S 78 W, 500; N 65 W, 166; N 43W, 666; 569 W, 233; N 85 W, 800; N 44 W, 600; N 80 W, 200; S 54 W, 266; S 86 W, 233, Another oak stake; N 53 E, 9769; S 37 E, 3733; S 53 E, 590, To the place of beginning, containing one league of pasture land and one labor of arable land; Guillermo O’Docharty

General Land Office

I certify that the foregoing 4-4/5 pages contains a correct translated copy of the original title of Anne Burke, existing in the Spanish Archives of this office, Volume 59, Page 46.
(Signed) Virginia H. Taylor, Spanish Translator

I, Bascom Giles Commissioner of the General Land Office of the State of Texas, do hereby certify that Virginia H. Taylor whose signature is subscribed to the foregoing certificate, is the Spanish Translator of this office, duly qualified according to law, and that her official acts, as such, are entitled to full faith and credit.

In Testimony Whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of said office to be affixed, the day first above written.

(Signed) Bascom Giles, Commissioner

Patrick Burke

Pat Burke was never free from responsibility. Since his stepfather became blind, he had been the provider driving the ox cart to Fort Merrill for $30 per month. After they left San Patricio to settle on their land grants, he took up the running of both leagues and labors of land (9210 acres) belonging to his mother and his stepfather. There in Bee County, prairie grassland waist and knee high, he tended the cattle. The mesquite and huisache he had not yet intruded upon this sea of grass which was teeming with wildlife. No fences kept the herds separated so that it was up to the cowboy to keep the cattle from straying too far and getting mixed up with other herds grazing on the range. But this was almost an impossible task. Twice a year in the spring and in the fall there were roundups, and cattle were branded. If a cowman found that a stray yearling was not branded, he would brand him; not with his own brand but with that of the owner. This was the code of the cowman. They could be trusted not to brand someone else’s animal with their own brand. He would no more steal another man’s animal than he would steal his saddle, even though he had the perfect opportunity to get but with it. Then during court week the cowmen would gather round the table at a boarding house. Each had marked in a ledger the brands he had sold in Kansas for his neighbor and would pay him in gold for whatever the animal had brought. This does not mean that there were no cattle thieves in the country, that the brands were not blatched by rustlers, and that the perfect chance to be dishonest was not taken advantage of. But the big cowman was not among them. And Patrick Burke was one of these.

Pat Burke was only nineteen when he carried the responsibility of a man and carried it with confidence. How he received an education is not known, but from the language of his “Reminiscences,” he got it somewhere along the way. He managed the two leagues of land expertly, and the cattle business crept into his blood.

Several years passed. A family named Ryan came to the Beeville area. James Ryan was originally from Pennsylvania. He drifted into Texas and joined Sam Houston in the Battle of San Jacinto. He brought his family to Lavaca County and there his daughter, Nancy Jane, was born in 1841. He and his wife, Matilda Howard, then moved to Clareville, a settlement near Beeville in 1859. They had two other daughters, Alice and Charlotte. Nancy Jane, now grown to womanhood, met Pat Burke.

In March 1861 Ann Burke Carroll deeded a half league to her son, Patrick, a part of the league that had been granted to her by McMullen and McGloin in 1835. Pat paid $100 for the land (2214 acres). Thus, Ann practically gave it to him for the great help he had been to her and her blind husband. Pat now had land of his very own. So the following month on April 4, 1861, Pat and Nancy Jane were united in marriage by the Reverend A. Borias, pastor at San Patricio with Beeville as one of his mission churches.

Patrick and Nancy Jane Burke built a house on the property deeded to him by his mother. It was a frame house of cypress held together with square nails, which followed the true Irish pattern of that day. A loft was to be the sleeping quarters for the older children. Narrow stairs climbed the side of the wall where a rail was attached for safety, the only thing to catch to upon climbing them, for they had no bannisters on the other side. There was a large fireplace used for cooking until they got a wood-burning stove. Patrick and Nancy’s bed was in the room under the loft.

The War Between the States had begun, and South Carolina was the first to secede from the Union. Other states followed. The secession of Texas was delayed because Governor Sam Houston was wholeheartedly against it. He was for the preservation of the Union and the constitution which he had pledged to uphold. Further delay was caused by meetings which were to decide which course to take. Finally, a popular election was held, and Texas became a member of the Confederacy by a large majority. Sam Houston resigned his office as governor.

Patrick Burke had a family now, a wife and two children. So he joined Captain Ballard’s Volunteers of the Mounted Rifle Company for home service in June of 1861. Sometime after the birth of his second child, he joined Colonel Bushell’s regiment, Company F, and served until the end of the war. He was flagbearer in General Beauregard’s army. Once the flag was shot out of his hand; he picked it up and marched on as if nothing had happened. Patrick Burke was one of 70,000 Texans who served the Confederate cause. When the war was over, Patrick came back to his ranch where he had a herd of 500 to 600 head of cattle. Upon his return he found that his herd had diminished instead of increased. Undaunted by the setbacks of the war, in the seventies he began to buy both small and large tracts of land, continued purchasing through the ‘80’s until he had accumulated approximately 25,000 acres in Bee County. During the eighties the price of land had doubled, but he continued to buy. One has but to look through the Deed Records of Bee County to find the many purchases of land that he made, too many to record in detail.

It was during the seventies and the eighties that most of his children were born: four Sons, Edmund L., Joseph E., John Jerome, and Peter J., and four girls: Jane, married P.S. Clare; Molly, married Dr. T.M. Thurston; Clara, married John Wilson; and Mice, married Sam H. Smith.

Ann Burke Carroll (1814-1876) died at her ranch home on the Carroll League. She was buried in the Corrigan Cemetery in the churchyard of the Sacred Heart of Jesus Church, where a stake marked called Campo Santo guards its dead. Pioneering for forty-two years after she gave birth to Patrick in the wilderness of Texas and living through three wars in which Texas fought was no mean test of her endurance. The loss of his mother had been a blow to Patrick, for he had been responsible for her all of his life. They had been through many trials together, and this accounted for the deep feeling they had for each other. The outdoor life on the ranch riding miles and miles kept his body active and his mind occupied, but at intervals he had time to come to terms with the death of his mother. He came to admire those qualities that made her a true Texas pioneer.

Besides the ranches that he acquired in Bee County, he bought land in Live Oak County and occupied a sizable spread of nearly 15,000 acres. The Deed Records in Live Oak County Courthouse attest to this. By 1876 Pat Burke had forged ahead in the cattle business, not without its reverses caused by droughts, but he managed to hold on to his land by keeping mortgages down to a minimum. True, in those days there was no other way to raise money (either mortgage the land, or sell it) and many a cattleman went out of business and lost his land on account of mortgages that could not be met. But Pat Burke bought mostly small tracts at a time and did not let debts get a death grip on his land.

During the ‘70’s and the ‘80’s the cattle drives to Kansas were at their peak. Pat Burke did not let this opportunity for profit and adventure pass him by. So he rode the trail with other owners as well as with his own herds. The families of the trail drivers hated to see them go. There was a feeling that the home were deserted, and besides the drivers were

not without their dangers; stampeding; lightning, which herds of cattle attracted; and Indians, if their demand for beeves was not granted. They knew the mischief they could cause by whooping and hollering, thereby causing a stampede. The days in the saddle were long and fatiguing, and those who were assigned to the rear were plagued by the dust kicked up by the cattle. The nights were long and wearisome. The cowboys took turns singing and milling the cattle until the animals had settled down for the night. An absence of three months made them lonesome for their loved ones. But they looked forward to reaching Dodge, get their cattle marketed, and perhaps go east to a large city where they bought jewelry for their sweethearts and wives. However, it was a great experience and a colorful period in the history of the cattle business.

Besides the cattle business and the accumulation of land, Pat Burke was always interested in the betterment and the progress of Bee County and Beeville. In 1878 he was elected county commissioner of Bee County where he served for several years. Anything which was for the good of the region in which he lived brought an answer to the call to serve without hesitation. One night when he was riding from his ranch in Live Oak County, as he climbed the hill he saw in the distance the electric lights of Beeville. He could hardly believe his eyes, for in his mind’s eye he contrasted it with the Beeville of earlier days when from that vantage point Beeville was shrouded in darkness; until its outskirts were reached, one could see only the dim lights of the candles and the kerosene lamps showing through the windows. Another thing Pat Burke had witnessed was the coming of the railroad through Beeville. By this he was assured that it would not become a ghost town.

As his holdings grew he and Nancy Jane built a home on the original headright of Ann Burke, but it was closer to the town of Beeville. It was a typical South Texas house of the early days — a story and a half with a wide gallery stretching across the front of the dormer windows jutting from a steep roof. Many contented and productive years were spent in this house. He saw his children grow to adulthood, marry, and have families of their own. He prized his many grandchildren. One granddaughter remembers back when she was four years old the impression she had of her grandfather.

“Grandfather always had goodies for the children put up on the top shelf of the wardrobe in his bedroom. When we’d come to see him, at sometime during the visit, he would take us to his room, and from the wardrobe shelf he would bring down stick candy, ginger snaps or apples. Our visit was not complete until this ritual was over.

The year 1897 brought sadness to the Burke house. The prick of a pin set into motion the thing that caused Nancy Jane’s death. After home remedies and doctor’s prescriptions, she became seriously ill of blood poisoning and died soon after. A companion and helpmate, such as she with her even and calming disposition, would always be missed. Time eased the pain of Patrick’s loss, but, the vacancy could not be filled by another. Pat Burke missed his wife and grieved for her, but he took her death as he had taken life, something that he accepted and could still go on living, even though it would leave its scar. Pat Burke lived fifteen productive years after the death of his wife. He was satisfied with what life had dealt out to him, and he had no regrets with what he had done with his opportunities.

In 1899 a news item appeared in the Beeville newspaper: “Ranchman Patrick Burke is among the latest of the cattle growers to go into the business of raising improved cattle. On his recent trip to Fort Worth he purchased eight thoroughbred Durhumes (sic.) at a cost of $125 each.”

All during Patrick Burke’s life he was proud of his Texas heritage, for no one could be more truly Texan than he. He was proud that an Indian squaw had saved his life, that he started his life in the Irish colony of San Patricia, that he was a citizen of the Republic of Texas during its ten difficult years, and that he lived his life and made his fortune in the state of Texas. Add to this his service in the Confederate Army. He ~ad in his mind a wealth of historical material, and when he was called upon, he told it with gusto. He never complained of pioneer life. On the contrary, he enjoyed it and the excitement and opportunities it afforded. He once said, “We carried to the table a keen appetite and enjoyed with relish our simple fare of meat and bread.”

He lived to the ripe old age of seventy-eight, old by the standards of that day, and was the last of the original colonists of San Patricia. He died in Beeville in 1912 and was laid to rest in Saint Joseph’s Cemetery by the side of Nancy Jane. It was men such as he that made Texas great. Honesty, loyalty and charity was inherent in his nature. Seldom was he provoked to anger unless it was against an unjust cause, and then he exhibited the tough fiber of his nature well covered by his genial personality.

(From “The Forgotten Colony, San Patricia de Hibernia” by Rachel Bluntzer Hebert, by permission of the author.)

Recollections of Patrick Burke, Jr. (First Baby Born to Colonists)

One hour after Mrs. Ann Burke landed at Copano, she gave birth to the first baby born to the colonists who settled on the Poesta. When Patrick Burke was born his mother was unable to feed him; an Indian Squaw heard his hungry cries and nursed him. He lived with the Indiana until his mother recovered and could take care of him. In his adult years, Burke wrote a brief autobiography which was published in the Galveston News. I-us story described many of the hardships that were experienced by the first settlers.

“My birth occurred about one hour after my mother set foot on Texas soil, and before she had gone one mile from the shore where she and the other colonists were landed. Her breast rose and she was unable to nurse me. This section of the country was uninhabited, and it was out of the question to obtain milk or nourishment suitable for an infant.

“But Providence, in His kindness and mysterious way, provided the relief. At this junction an Indian squaw, who had left her babe with her tribe, entered the camp of the colonists, and her heart no doubt being touched by my cries, came to my mother’s bed, took me and nursed me. Thus as God sent the ravens to feed Elijah at the brook Cherith, so did He send this uncouth and uncivilized Indian squaw to nurse and furnish me, a starving infant, with nourishment in the wilderness of Texas. She carried me to her tribe and cared for me until my sick and bereaved mother was able to take care of me. Each day she brought me back for my mother to see me. Her manner of handling me was in striking contrast with that of my own mother. She would pitch and sling me about like I was a pup or a bundle of dry goods. During all the time the colonists remained in this camp this woman was the only Indian who came about us, or even came in sight of any one of the colonists. If others of the tribe ever came near our camp they kept themselves perfectly secreted.

“From this camp the colonists went and settled at or around San Patricia. They remained loyal to the Mexican government until 1836, notwithstanding the bad faith which characterized its dealings with them. When the revolution of 1836 developed, these hardy and noble pioneers from oppressed Ireland, breathing the true spirit of freedom, went east and joined the other colonists in the fight for liberty and political independence.

“Before annexation, my mother married Pat Carroll and they went to New Orleans but returned to San Patricia after the battle of San Jacinto. During the time intervening between this battle and annexation, this part of Texas was subject to both Mexican and Indian raids, and we returned to a country without supplies. Our homes had been destroyed and hard times stared us in the face.

“We soon constructed log houses, made picket fashion with dirt floors and thatched roofs, clapboards being used to stop the cracks between the pickets. Our pioneer architecture was simple and inexpensive and did not require the outlay of large sums of money for plans, specifications, materials and construction, but doubtless as much peace, contentment and real happiness was found dwelling in our quaint old homes as we now find in the palatial homes in our towns and cities.

Our table fare, bread and meat, was also simple, but our digestive organs were always good, and dyspepsia never interfered with the keen relish and fine appetites we always carried to the table with us. We drank water from the creeks, ponds, barrels and cow tracks, enjoyed goad health and never heard of microbes, germ theories and diseases of modern times.

“After we returned to our colonial homes, Indian raids were still frequent. They invariably came on the full moon during the spring, summer and autumn months, and oxen coming home with arrows shot in their bodies often admonished us that Indians were lurking in the neighborhood and ready to surprise us by swooping down upon us. They frequently swept the country of saddle ponies, and leaving mounts enough in the community on which the men could pursue them. In making their escape when they were pursued, they always had the advantage of their pursuers. They generally had already stolen the best horses and were returning with a large he d when discovered and could change mounts whenever the horses they were riding became jaded, while our men usually had to take for mounts such animals as the Indians had left behind or had failed to get.

“Whenever the Indians succeeded in crossing the Nueces River, about 10 miles above Oakville, they were safe from further pursuit. In order to prevent the Indians from stealing our horses, the settlers usually made a thick, high brush fence around their back door, without an entrance except through the house. About the full of the moon, or whenever an Indian raid was anticipated, the horses, oxen and milk cows were kept in this enclosure.

“One night the Indians stole Pat Corrigan’s horse, which was tied to his gallery post. His wife heard them and told him the Indians were getting his horse. He picked up his gun, ran into the yard and snapped his old pistol at them three times. He just happened to see three Indians with their drawn bows hid in the grass in time for him to make a safe retreat into his house.

“When a boy, I went under the care of Major John Wood, with others, in pursuit of the Indians. A man named Mandola, who had been captured when a boy and reared to manhood by the Indians, was our guide. He was trained in all of their arts and cunning and could even trail them by scent. It was hard sometimes for our men to distinguish between an Indian and a mustang trail, but Mandola was never at a loss to tell one from the other. We traveled that night until 12 o’clock and then slept till daylight. Next morning when we awoke, Mandola arose and sniffed the balmy atmosphere a time or two and said he smelt the fumes of cooking meat and that our foes were not far away.

“We did not go farther than five miles before we came upon and surprised our enemies while they were enjoying their breakfast of horse meat cooked on coals. Immediately a quick and spirited fight ensued. Major Wood kept me with him, the other men separating and taking advantageous positions in the scattering timber. One savage and ferocious old squaw attacked the major and me. We tried as long as possible to avoid the necessity of shooting her, but she could handle her bow and arrows as well and as accurately as a trained warrior, and was hurling the missiles of death at us so rapidly that we were compelled to exchange shots with her in order to save our lives. Major Wood received an arrow wound in the fleshy part of the thigh.

“This was the last Indian raid and the last fight of this unfortunate squaw-warrior. Our force numbered 14. I do not know how many Indians there were, but when the battle had ended we were the victors, with seven dead Indians stretched upon the field. A few old sore-back ponies and horses and the bows and arrows of the slain Indians were the spoils of our victory.

“Once I went with my stepfather to Long Lake, carrying a jug with which to bring back some fresh drinking water. We were in no particular hurry, and while walking leisurely about the lake we discovered the Indians in some timber a short distance above us, cooking meat. While they did not seem to see us, we were suddenly inspired with Saint Paul’s in-junction to lay aside every weight and run with swiftness the race set before us, so casting our jug aside, we pulled off the prettiest race you ever saw, going back into town, San Patricio, with the old man leading me a neck or two. The skulking Redskins, who always seemed to need good horses in their business, made a call that night at the premises of several of the citizens, who found themselves without mounts and work animals the next morning.

“In those days the country was full of deer, panthers and other kinds of game and wild animals. On one occasion while I was a boy, I went with Major Wood, Bill Clark and Martin O'Tool (the last named being a San Jacinto and Mexican War veteran) to cut a road through the bottom. While we were at work the dogs treed a large panther which we killed with an ax.

“There were also many wild mustang horses, and it was a sight to see them running when the settlers were trying to catch them. If we

could manage to catch one of these old horses, we would tie an imitation man upon him and let him loose. Of course he would make for the herd, which would try to outrun him. This would start every mustang for miles around to running, and the noise from these running horses, which sometimes numbered thousands, often sounded like the terrific roar of a passing cyclone. After they had run themselves down, we could guide them into the pens with long wings which we had built for capturing them. It required strength and skill to rope and throw one of these old snorting, jumping, fighting horses. It looked like some of them could squeal, paw, kick and jump at the same time, and they could never be conquered until they were roped, thrown and tied down. We generally roached their manes and tails and used the hair for making ropes.

“After the annexation, the United States sent troops to protect us against Indian raids, and though only a boy I drove an ox wagon three years carrying supplies for the troops from Corpus Christi to Fort Merrill. I had to support my mother and my three little half brothers and two little half sisters, as well as my stepfather who was nearly blind and could not work. He lost his eye when hit by a cork which flew from a bottle of English port while he was opening it. I made $30 per month, and that was considered good wages for a boy in those times. When I commenced on this job, I was scarcely large enough to put the yoke on the oxen. I wore hickory shirts and red shoes, and it usually took me eight days to make the round trip. Sometimes an axle would break and then I was two weeks making the round trip. There were only two blacksmiths accessible, one being at each end of the route. I made these trips alone, sleeping at night by the side of my wagon. Finally, John Ross bought me a good wagon at a government sale, paying $30 for it. I worked it out.”

Patrick Burke was married to Nancy Jane Ryan of Refugio County. Their four sans were Joseph, Pete, Ed and John Burke, and their four daughters were Mrs. Mollie Thurston, Mrs. Sam (Mice) Smith, Mrs. John (Clara) Wilson and Mrs. Bud (Jennie) Clare, all of whom grew up in Beeville. Their descendants still live in Bee and surrounding counties.

Patrick Burke died in August 1912 at the age of 78 years.

Stockman’s Paradise

When the settlers arrived here, this country was a wilderness, an empire of prairie land, the home of wild game, the hunting ground of Indians, a virgin wealth of pasture land, and a stockman’s paradise. Wild game was in abundance, but the pioneer killed only what he needed, leaving the rest to roam at will. Strange as it may seem, when a deer or beef was killed for food, it was hung up in the shade of a tree, and a crust formed over the surface. There were no insects to bother the meat, soit hung until all was used.

Deer roamed the prairies in great numbers, often 100 or more being in a group. Their backs and horns could be seen above the tall grass. Some time in the late 1860’s or early 1870’s a disease called “black tongue” broke out. The tongues of the deer swelled out of their mouths, causing hundreds to die. Wild turkeys were without number, and added greatly to the food supply of the rancher and farmer well up into the 1880’s.

Stock-raising began in what is now Bee County in about 1840, some men driving their cattle here from around Austin and Gonzales. Mr. Dunlap brought between 600 and 700 head of cattle and settled in the bend of the Aransas creek, near a spring and deep pool of water. The stream ran from there on down to the bay continuously. He built a rock house, the walls of which were standing intact in 1939. In later years Mr. Dunlap sold his cattle and rock house to John Wilson, who in turn sold the house to Capt. D.A.T. Walton, who lived there when he was first elected sheriff of Bee County in 1876.

A number of early residents here, both before and after Bee County was organized in 1858, took part in the old cattle trail drives to paints north, including the Kansas cattle markets. Few if any herds for the trail actually originated in Bee County. Undoubtedly, some cattle from this area helped make up herds from other counties, notably Refugio County. Numerous herds from the southern tip of Texas passed Beeville. Feeder lines of the Chisholm Trail passed through Bee County. Although the original Chisholm Trail was surveyed from Red River north, a practice grew up to call the Texas feeders a part of the trail itself.

The four year Civil War interfered with the drives which began in the late 1850’s. Bee County’s main participation in the Chisholm Trail drives was in the young cowboys who rode for cattle owners driving to northern markets. Some cattle were driven from this general area to New Orleans, and some over to Mississippi and that part of the South to furnish meat for the Confederate army during the Civil War.

The stockmen kept their cattle ranged on the land they had settled as best they could, employing line-riding to keep them all together and away from other people’s cattle. It was possible to do this as there was no timber or brush to obstruct the view and plenty of fine grass near the watering place.

The pioneer men and women tried to live by the Golden Rule. Their word was their bond or note. If they borrowed money from a neighbor, the transaction was just a verbal contract. There were no legal papers drawn up requiring the signature of friends. The obligation simply was kept in mind, and, in most every instance, the men were true to their word and honor. Money was carried in money sacks, and when night came for the traveler camping out, he threw the sack of money over a tree limb, or used it for a pillow. If he stopped at a house or an inn for the night, he left the sack of money on the porch until morning with no thought of it being molested.

Colonel Barnard E. Bee

Barnard E. Bee, Sr. apparently never saw the soil of Bee County, and died in 1853 back in his native state of South Carolina five years before Bee County was organized. The county was named for Colonel Bee in 1857 (the year the Texas Legislature “created” the county) largely as a compliment to his son, Gen. Hamilton Prioleau Bee, who had just finished serving as speaker of the Texas House of Representatives at Austin from 1854 to 1856. Three members of the Bee family were connected with the history of Texas, all three being born in South Carolina, probably in the city of Charleston. There has been much confusion in the biographies of the Bees and the following tables of names, birth and death dates and ranks will help keep the names straight:

Col. Barnard E. Bee (the senior), was born in South Carolina in 1787. He died in South Carolina in 1853 at the age of 66. He was a military officer and a civil official during the time of the Texas Republic.

Brig. Gen. Hamilton P. Bee, was born in Charleston, South Carolina, July 22, 1822. He died in San Antonio, Texas, October 3, 1897, at the age of 75. He lived in Houston, Velasco, Austin, Laredo and Goliad. He was a planter in Goliad. A brigadier general in the Confederacy, he commanded the 29th Brigade, which included companies formed in Bee County during the Civil War.

Brig. Gen Barnard Elliott Bee (the son and junior) was born in Charleston, South Carolina in 1823. He died from a mortal wound received in the Battle of Manassas in Virginia, July 21, at the age of 38. He had been commissioned a brigadier general on June 17, 1862, and had held that rank and title only 34 days when he died in battle. There is no record that he ever visited Bee County.

Col. Barnard E. Bee, after whom Bee County and Beeville was named, was the grandson of Judge Thomas Bee, who held a commission from President George Washington as judge of the United States Circuit Court for South Carolina. Barnard Bee studied law and served on the staff of his brother-in-law, James Hamilton, governor of South Carolina. Disgruntled at Gov. Hamilton’s participated in the nullification struggle in 1843, Mr. Bee came to Texas in the summer of 1835, at the age of 49, and joined the Texas Army under Thomas J. Rusk. Bee served as secretary of the treasury and as secretary of state under David G. Burnett in the ad interim government of Texas before the Republic of Texas was set up. He later was secretary of war under President Sam Houston and served as secretary of state under President Mirabeau B. Lamar.

After the surrender of Gen. Santa Anna of Mexico at San Jacinto, Col. Bee (who had distinguished himself in the Texas Revolution) was sent as one of three to Washington, D.C. to escort Santa Anna to President Andrew Jackson. Santa Anna repeated his promises to the young Texas Republic in the presence of the President of the United States. The three Texan escorting Santa Anna to Washington were Colonels Bee, Hockley and Potter. Col. Bee advanced about $3,000 to Santa Anna which he needed while a prisoner. The vanquished Mexican general gave Bee a draft on a Mexican bank for the amount. However, when presented to the bank, Santa Anna dishonored it. Many years later the Texas government made good this loss incurred by Col. Bee.

Col. Bee was commissioned as minister to Mexico after Santa Anna came back in power in the belief that the new Mexican president would acknowledge the independence of the new Texas republic as a favor to his old friend, and conclude a treaty. He rode a United State war vessel out of New Orleans to Vera Cruz, Mexico. His mission caused considerable commotion in Mexico, and Col. Bee did not disembark for a time. Later, while a ship guest of his old friend, Admiral Bandin of the French navy. Bee opened negotiations with Mexico City. On his return to Texas, Colonel Bee was appointed charge d’affaires to Washington, D.C., in which capacity he remained until the close of the administration of President Lamar of the Texas republic. He held no further office.

In March 1842, Mexican General Rafael Vasquez took over San Antonio for two days, in order to notify the world that Mexico’s claim on

Texas had not been relinquished. Col. Bee, then 55 years old and retired, was seen in San Antonio, ready to defend the home of his adoption — the republic he had helped to create. After harassing Goliad and Refugio, the Mexican General and his 500 soldiers returned to Mexico.

Col. Bee opposed the annexation of Texas to the American union, as he wanted to see the republic he helped form remain a nation in the family of world governments. However, the annexation of Texas was affected, and on December 29, 1845, the Congress of the United States accepted the new Texas State constitution, and Texas became the 28th state of the union.

Colonel Bee returned to his native state of South Carolina in 1846. (Eleven years later Bee County was to be named for him.) In 1853, five years before Bee County was organized, Col. Bee died in his native state.

Brig. Gen. Hamilton P. Bee, Confederate general, was the elder son of Col. Bee and was our neighbor, in Goliad. He likely visited the Bee County frequently. During the Civil War, he was kept in Texas where he was familiar with the border, guarding the coast and inland areas. Though a student of law, he joined the Texas army when war broke out with the Comanche Indians.

Hamilton Bee was secretary of the boundary commission that fixed the boundaries between the Republic of Texas and the United States. Once a merchant at Laredo, he was a Goliad planter when the Civil War opened, and he entered the service of the Confederacy. After the war he attempted to recoup his fortunes in Mexico, but later returned to Texas and made San Antonio his home. He came to Texas at the age of 15, and lived her (except far a short time in Mexico) for 60 years, dying in 1897 at the age of 75 years.

Brig. Gen. Barnard Elliott Bee (son of the man for wham Bee County was named), was a native of Charleston, South Carolina. He graduated from West Paint on July 1, 1845, and attained the rank of lieutenant colonel. His first military service as a second lieutenant in 1845 was in Texas in the army of occupation to maintain peace in the new state. He was promoted to first lieutenant in the Mexican War and was engaged in the siege of Vera Cruz. He resigned March 3, 1861 to serve in the Confederate Army as an infantry major. He was sent to Virginia to the army of the Potomac under Gen. Joseph E. Johnston. On June 17, 1861, he was commissioned a brigadier general in the Confederate Army. Thirty-four days later, at Manassas, Gen. Bee’s brigade was broken by a terrible charge of federal troops when Gen. Thomas J. Jackson brought up his five regiments to the support. As Bee met Jackson, Bee turned to rally his men, and cried out, “Here is Jackson, standing like a stonewall.” Inspired to rally, for a time they stemmed the tide of battle. Gen. Bee, with the colors of the Fourth Alabama fell mortally wounded, and Gen Johnston took his place and routed the federals. Thereafter, Gen. Jackson was universally known as “Stonewall” Jackson.

Bee County Created

Bee County was created by an act of the Texas Legislature on December 8, 1857, and contains 538,880 acres of land (842 square miles). Mast of the acreage came from San Patricia County, but also included were portions of Refugio, Goliad, Karnes and Live Oak Counties. General Hamilton P. Bee, then Speaker of the House of Representatives, asked that this new county be named in memory of his father, Colonel Barnard E. Bee, and the request was granted.

The document creating Bee County reads as follows:

“An act to create the County of Bee and attached to the 14th Judicial District. In honor of the late Hon. Barnard E. Bee.

“Section 1: Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Texas that all the territory comprised within the following limits to wit: Beginning on the Blanco Creek at the southwest corner of Goliad and Refugio Counties, as defined in his bill, thence up the Blanco Creek with its meanders to where the Helena and San Patricio road crosses the same, thence in a direct line to the southwest corner of J. Johnson survey on the Medio Creek, thence up the Medio Creek to the lower line of the G. Childres survey, thence north 70 degrees west eleven miles following the lines of the Gill and Igham’s survey, thence south 27 degrees east to the lower line of Live Oak County, thence in a direct line to a point three miles south 36 degrees west from the mouth of Papalote Creek, thence in a direct line to the mouth of said creek, thence in a direct line to the beginning. This shall constitute a county called Bee, in honor of the late Barnard E. Bee, formerly Secretary of War of the Republic of Texas.

“Section 2: That the County Court of Bee County shall as soon as practicable after being duly qualified proceed to locate this county seat of said county seat, according to the laws regulating elections, and the place receiving a majority of all votes cast shall be declared the county seat of said county. And if for any cause a selection shall not be made at the first election the Chief Justice shall order another election in the same manner until a selection shall be made by a majority of the voters of said county, providing that a point or points not within five miles of the center maybe selected by said court and voted upon for a county seat, but such point or points shall receive a majority of two-thirds of the votes cast, or shall fail of an election, said county seat when located shall be called Beeville.

“Section 3: That the chief Justice of Refugio County be and he is hereby authorized to organize said county, and it is hereby made his duty to do the same by ordering an election for county officers according to the general laws regulating elections. Said elections to be held on a day by him to be named and due notice of the same to be given in accordance with the law regulating elections. The said elections to be held at a point or points within the limits of said county to be by the Chief Justice of Refugio County designated and due notice thereof given to the people of said county, and when the returns of said election shall have been made to he he shall issue certificates of election to the persons elected and make returns thereof to the Secretary of State, whose duty shall be to issue commissions to the parties elected and said parties may qualify before any officer of the State authorized to administer oaths in case of absence or inability of said Chief Justice of Refugio County to act, then any two of the county commissioners of said county shall have full power to act, and are hereby authorized to perform said duties.

“Section 4: That the Chief Justice of Refugio County, or in case county commissioners shall act, shall be entitled to three dollars per day for every day occupied by him or them in organizing said County of Bee.

“Section 5: That said County of Bee be and therefore is hereby attached to the Fourteenth Judicial District and the courts be held at the county seat on the last Mondays of March and September of each year and continue in session one week.

“Section 6: That this act take effect and be in force from and after its passage. Approved 8th day of December 1857.”

The first court was held on February 10, 1858, under a tree near the west bank of Media Creek, seven miles east of the present town of Beeville. The first settlement was called Marysville, in honor of Mary Hefferman. Jack Phelps donated the land for the location.

The February 14, 1908, issue of the Beeville Bee carried an interesting story concerning the meeting of the first County Court in Bee County. The late W.O. McCurdy, who established the Bee on May 6, 1886, went to the County Clerk’s files and based his story on the minutes of the first court held by the Chief Justice (later called the County Judge), the County Commissioners and the County Clerk. Mr. McCurdy’s article, based on the minutes of the court, is as follows:

“The Bee County Commissioners Court met Monday in regular session, and, by a coincidence, the first meeting of the first court of the county was held just 50 years previous to the day, on February 10, 1858. The record of this first court is still intact and in an excellent state of preservation. It shows present as members of the first court, W.B. Thompson, chief justice; Henderson Williams, clerk; John J. Phelps, Lewis Campbell, Henry T. Clare and David Craven as county commissioners.

“The first business transacted by the court was the examination and the acceptance of the bonds of S.B. Morrison, district clerk; James Drewry, assessor; Williams Hynes, treasurer, and John O’Sullivan, justice of the peace. It does not appear on the records who was sheriff. The next business of the court was the appointment of H.T. Clare as special agent of the county to receive donations of a site for a county seat. The next meeting was held on the 25th, and the county was divided into commissioners’ precincts. Their boundaries were described as follows:

“No. 1: All that portion of the county lying between old Fort Merrill road and old San Patricia road.

“No. 2: All that portion east of old San Patricia road and west and south of road leading from town of Refugio to Carroll’s Motts, thence running west to the road leading to old San Patricia road.

“No. 3: All that portion north of Carroll’s Motts and old San Patricia road.

“No. 4: All that portion above and north of old Fort Merrill road.

“The following persons were appointed judges of election in their respective precincts to select a county seat, and the election was ordered for March 8, 1858: No. 1, Edward O’Driscoll; No. 2. Robert Carlisle; No. 3, John O’Sullivan; No. 4, John F. Pettus.

“Two sites were voted on that date, one offered by Pat Burke, that on which the town of Beeville now stands, and that offered by E. Seligson, on the Media where the first court convened. The latter site was selected but not without a protest being filed with the court, claiming informalities in the election. The protest was not sustained by the court, and subsequent pages give details of preparations for the permanent establishment of the county seat at the Seligson ranch. The townsite of 15( acres was surveyed and different blocks donated by the county for various public purposes~ among them a cemetery and church sites for the Catholic, Baptist, Methodist and Presbyterian churches. The county seat was not to rest there in peace, however, for before a year in the~ January proceedings 1859, appears an order for an election to determine the county sea question. This election was held February 26 1859, and what is termed ‘Burke’s donation was accepted by a majority of the voters

“Several other sites entered this contest but the detailed result of the election is not stated except that ‘Burke’s donation’ received a majority of the votes cast. This is the original town site of Beeville. (the offers considered by the~ court included the James Wilson acreage or Aransas Creek. and an offer by J.G. Campbell

“Of the persons mentioned as members a the first court is alive now, but four of the~ voters at the first election for county officers service. These are W.R. Hayes, J.B Macfray T.H. Allsup and Hugh May.” Other officers a Bee County were: J.A. Martin, Sheriff R if Allsup, Deputy Sheriff; James Drewry Assessor; and S.B. Merriman, District Clerk J S Phelps was appointed to have the county line surveyed, marked and established according to law.

A courthouse was built of pickets, and had a dirt floor. The furniture consisted of one table and two benches. When time came to hold court, each man put his blanket in a roll on the back of his saddle, a change of clothes in the saddle pockets and food a morral on the horn of the saddle. He was off to be gone until court was over — and it took every man in the counts to hold it.

There was some dissatisfaction over the location of the county seat. Some wanted to move it farther west, while others wanted it to remain where it was. After considerable debating, they decided to run a line north and south then east and west, to find the exact center of the county, drive a stake down and build the courthouse there. This location was on the lull about one and one-half miles northeast at where the present courthouse is standing.

Mrs. Ann Burke offered to give 200 acres land to be used for the townsite. After considering the matter, the commissioners decided to accept the offer, as it would save buying the~ land and at the same time the town would be only a short distance from the center of the~ county. So in 1860 the town was moved from~ the Media to its present site on the Poesta.

The first court held in Beeville (on the Poesta) was in a one-room house where the Southern Pacific depot was later built. This house was also used for church services, as a schoolhouse, and as a theater when shows came to town. Most pupils came from outlying farms and ranches as the population of the town was small.

The first courthouse in Beeville was built in 1860 by J.H. Toomy at a cost of $473. It was~ located across the street, west from the present~ courthouse. It was a one-room building, made of lumber. A well was dug near the building~ and furnished water for the public watering~ troughs for teams. The court ordered that a subscription be taken for the building of this house. It also issued script for the amount subscribed by each man, dollar for dollar. The next winter a chimney was built by C B Hill and the fireplace was made by L. Clark Both men took town lots as compensation for their work. The Masonic fraternity was allowed to,erect a second story over the courthouse. Ewing Wilson and G.W. McClanahan had the contract.

P. O’Carroll
her
Anna X Burk
mark
Patrick Burk

To
Bee County.
Deed.
Dated March 28, 1860
Filed March 28, 1860
Bee County Book A page 56
Consideration location of County site of Bee County.

Recites:

That Patrick O’Carroll and Annie O’Carroll, wife of Patrick O’Carroll and formerly Annie Bark and Patrick Burk her son, jointly concurring in this deed of bargain and sole for and in consideration of the sum of one dollar to us in had paid, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged and the location of the County site of Bee County on the land hereinafter described, whereby the value of the remainder of these grantors lands are greatly increased, have this day granted, bargained, sold and released and by these presents do grant, bargain, sell and release unto the chief justice of Bee County and his successors in office all that tract of land consisting of 150 acres situated in said County of Bee on the Paesta Creek a branch of Aransas river and in what formerly constituted a portion of McGloins colony being a part of that league of land granted to said Annie Burk as a colonist in said colony.

Beginning at the upper corner of said grant on north bank of Paesta a hkbr in the lower end of mat ink. X; Thence with line between Anna Bark and James Hefferman surveys N. 62’/z E. (Var. 9 45E.) 1600 vrs. Thence S. 27½ E. 650 vrs; Thence S. 62 ½ W. 927 Vrs. to the Paesta creek Thence up said creek with its meanders to beginning.

State of Coahuilla and Texas, to Anna Burke. Colonial Grant No. 26, Vol. No. 59, Abstract No. 5. Dated June 25, 1835.

Grants league and labor of land on the west bank of the most eastern branch of the Aransas, called Paesta. Begin at a stake also corner of James Hefferman survey. Thence with meanders of said creek as follows: N. 35 W. 400 vrs. N. 75W. 366 vrs, S. 70W. 30 vrs. S. 85W. 633 vrs. S. 35W. 266 vrs. N. 77W. 266 vrs. S.87W. 200vrs.S.78W.500vrs.S.65W. l66vrs.N.

46W. 666 vrs. 5. 69 W. 233, N. 85 W. 800 vrs. N. 44W. 600 vrs. S. 80W. 200 vrs. 8.54W. 266 S.86 W. 233 to a stake: Thence N. 53 E. 9669 vrs. a stake; Thence S. 37 E. 3733 vrs. Thence S.53W. 5909 vrs. to beginning.